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• Policy Documents

  • American Society for Clinical Investigation - Editorial position on publishing articles on human organ transplantation
    24 January 2012
    
  • Costa Rica - Declaration of PROMED against Organ Trafficking
    08 June 2013
    
  • Council of Europe European Committee on Organ Transplantation Statement on the Global Kidney Exchange Concept
    19 April 2018
    
  • Covid-19: Publications of unethical donor sources
    01 June 2020
    
  • CST & CSN Policy on Transplant Tourism
    02 February 2011
    
  • DICG Statement in Support of the WHO
    21 April 2020
    
  • European Union National Competent Authorities on Organ Donation and Transplantation Statement on a proposed concept of Global Kidney Exchange
    27 May 2018
    
  • GAEBA Position Statement: Commodification and Profitization of human materials and ocular services
    23 August 2017
    
  • Guidelines for best practice in donation and transplantation
    16 February 2011
    
  • Guidelines for ethical practice in organ transplantation
    16 February 2011
    
  • New Organ Transplant Policies in Japan, Including the Family-Oriented Priority Donation Clause
    29 April 2011
    
  • Original Edition of Declaration of Istanbul
    15 June 2008
    
  • Position statement of the Philippine Society of Nephrology on the intent to promote organ donation and transplantation
    12 March 2018
    
  • Remuneration of hematopoietic stem cell donors: principles and perspective of the World Marrow Donor Association
    02 February 2011
    
  • Statement of the Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group concerning ethical objections to the proposed Global Kidney Exchange Program
    29 November 2017
    
  • Strengthening Global Efforts to Combat Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism: Implications of the 2018 Edition of the Declaration of Istanbul
    04 March 2019
    
  • The Document of Aguascalientes
    02 February 2011
    
  • UN: Strengthening and promoting effective measures and international cooperation on organ donation and transplantation to prevent and combat trafficking in persons for the purpose of organ removal and trafficking in human organs
    04 October 2017
    

• Special Mention

  • Who guiding principles on human cell, Tissue and Organ Transplantation
    May 6, 2010
    

• Legislation

  • Consummation of the Legislative Map of Transplantation in Latin America: Law on Donation and Transplantation Nicaragua -The Last Piece of the Puzzle
    26 December 2014
    
  • Detailed account of the provisions of the Doha Donation Accord
    29 October 2013
    
  • Europe - administrative commission for the coordination of social security systems
    30 August 2012
    
  • France - Anti-Organ Trafficking Law
    24 January 2012
    
  • Israel Transplant Law - ORGAN TRANSPLANT ACT, 2008
    24 January 2012
    
  • New legislation in Canada which creates extra-territorial jurisdiction for trafficking in persons including for the purpose of organ removal
    18 December 2013
    
  • New Zealand - Human Tissue Act 2008
    24 January 2012
    
  • Qatar Human Organs Transplants Law no. (21) for the year 1997
    04 February 2014
    
  • "Trafficking in persons, especially women and children" Note by the Secretary-General (English)
    29 October 2013
    
  • "Traite des êtres humains, en particulier des femmes et des enfants" Note du Secrétaire général (French)
    29 October 2013
    

Policy Documents

• American Society for Clinical Investigation - Editorial position on publishing articles on human organ transplantation
  24 January 2012
  
• Costa Rica - Declaration of PROMED against Organ Trafficking
  08 June 2013
  
• Council of Europe European Committee on Organ Transplantation Statement on the Global Kidney Exchange Concept
  19 April 2018
  
• Covid-19: Publications of unethical donor sources
  01 June 2020
  
• CST & CSN Policy on Transplant Tourism
  02 February 2011
  
• DICG Statement in Support of the WHO
  21 April 2020
  
• European Union National Competent Authorities on Organ Donation and Transplantation Statement on a proposed concept of Global Kidney Exchange
  27 May 2018
  
• GAEBA Position Statement: Commodification and Profitization of human materials and ocular services
  23 August 2017
  
• Guidelines for best practice in donation and transplantation
  16 February 2011
  
• Guidelines for ethical practice in organ transplantation
  16 February 2011
  
• New Organ Transplant Policies in Japan, Including the Family-Oriented Priority Donation Clause
  29 April 2011
  
• Original Edition of Declaration of Istanbul
  15 June 2008
  
• Position statement of the Philippine Society of Nephrology on the intent to promote organ donation and transplantation
  12 March 2018
  
• Remuneration of hematopoietic stem cell donors: principles and perspective of the World Marrow Donor Association
  02 February 2011
  
• Statement of the Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group concerning ethical objections to the proposed Global Kidney Exchange Program
  29 November 2017
  
• Strengthening Global Efforts to Combat Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism: Implications of the 2018 Edition of the Declaration of Istanbul
  04 March 2019
  
• The Document of Aguascalientes
  02 February 2011
  
• UN: Strengthening and promoting effective measures and international cooperation on organ donation and transplantation to prevent and combat trafficking in persons for the purpose of organ removal and trafficking in human organs
  04 October 2017
  

Special Mention

Legislation

• Consummation of the Legislative Map of Transplantation in Latin America: Law on Donation and Transplantation Nicaragua -The Last Piece of the Puzzle
  26 December 2014
  
• Detailed account of the provisions of the Doha Donation Accord
  29 October 2013
  
• Europe - administrative commission for the coordination of social security systems
  30 August 2012
  
• France - Anti-Organ Trafficking Law
  24 January 2012
  
• Israel Transplant Law - ORGAN TRANSPLANT ACT, 2008
  24 January 2012
  
• New legislation in Canada which creates extra-territorial jurisdiction for trafficking in persons including for the purpose of organ removal
  18 December 2013
  
• New Zealand - Human Tissue Act 2008
  24 January 2012
  
• Qatar Human Organs Transplants Law no. (21) for the year 1997
  04 February 2014
  
• "Trafficking in persons, especially women and children" Note by the Secretary-General (English)
  29 October 2013
  
• "Traite des êtres humains, en particulier des femmes et des enfants" Note du Secrétaire général (French)
  29 October 2013
  

• Reports and reviews

  • Protecting Donors and Safeguarding Altruism in the United States. The Living Donor Protection Act
    May 28, 2018
    
  • The key role of health professionals in preventing and combating transplant-related crimes
    August 3, 2017
    
  • Towards Improving the Transfer of Care of Kidney Transplant Recipients
    August 06, 2016
    
  • Organ donation in Israel: Achievements and Challenges
    February 20, 2015
    
  • Organ Donation and Transplantation in Central America
    March 15, 2015
    
  • Global Observatory releases report on 2015 transplant activities
    August 06, 2015
    
  • Human rights and world culture: The diffusion of legislation against the organ trade
    December 09, 2015
    
  • Incentives, kidney donation, and the myth of the Iranian waiting list
    December 20, 2015
    
  • The success of South-eastern Europe Health Network (SEEHN) initiative on improvement of the kidney transplant program – facts about Macedonia
    February 21, 2014
    
  • The global diffusion of organ transplantation: trends, drivers and policy implications
    September 2, 2014
    
  • Towards achieving national self-sufficiency in organ donation in India - A call to action
    September 11, 2014
    
  • To be or not to be: An insight into the legality of organ trade in Iran
    October 23, 2014
    
  • The declaration of Istanbul in the Philippines: success with foreigners but a continuing challenge for local transplant tourism
    February 20, 2013
    
  • Preliminary Marked Increase in the National Organ Donation Rate in Israel Following Implementation of a New Organ Transplantation Law
    December 27, 2012
    

• The Council of Europe Convention Against Trafficking in Human Organs

  The Council of Europe Convention against Trafficking in Human Organs was adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on 9 July 2014. The adoption of the Convention represents a historical milestone in the fight against organ trafficking. It is the first legal document that provides an internationally agreed upon definition of trafficking in human organs, identifying the activities that ratifying States must criminalize in their national laws.

  Like other criminal law instruments, the Convention also includes provisions to deter these practices and to protect victims. This instrument complements the existing international legal framework against trafficking in human beings (including for the purpose of the removal of organs), which does not reach some transplant related crimes and many of the actors, such as surgeons, whose involvement lies at the heart of the criminal activity.

  Fourteen countries have already signed the Convention: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Turkey and the United Kingdom. This signifies their intention to ratify it, which will bind them legally to incorporate its provisions into their domestic law. The Convention, which was conceived to have a global scope, is open for signature and ratification not only by Council of Europe member or observer countries but by any State in the world, and several have already indicated that they are considering acceding to the Convention, as have additional COE member States.

  More information about the Convention can be found in the media and journal articles below.

  • Organ Trafficking Convention Opened for Signature (DICG Newsletter Issue #1)
    05 May 2015
    
  • Council of Europe publishes conclusions from organ trafficking conference
    05 May 2015
    
  • New Treaty Aims to Curb Organ Trafficking
    26 October 2014
    
  • Spain to host signing of Council of Europe Convention against Trafficking in Human Organs
    02 October 2014
    
  • A Council of Europe Convention to combat trafficking in human organs
    10 July 2014
    
  • A needed Convention against trafficking in human organs
    28 June 2014
    

Reports and reviews

• Protecting Donors and Safeguarding Altruism in the United States. The Living Donor Protection Act
  May 28, 2018
  
• The key role of health professionals in preventing and combating transplant-related crimes
  August 3, 2017
  
• Towards Improving the Transfer of Care of Kidney Transplant Recipients
  August 06, 2016
  
• Organ donation in Israel: Achievements and Challenges
  February 20, 2015
  
• Organ Donation and Transplantation in Central America
  March 15, 2015
  
• Global Observatory releases report on 2015 transplant activities
  August 06, 2015
  
• Human rights and world culture: The diffusion of legislation against the organ trade
  December 09, 2015
  
• Incentives, kidney donation, and the myth of the Iranian waiting list
  December 20, 2015
  
• The success of South-eastern Europe Health Network (SEEHN) initiative on improvement of the kidney transplant program – facts about Macedonia
  February 21, 2014
  
• The global diffusion of organ transplantation: trends, drivers and policy implications
  September 2, 2014
  
• Towards achieving national self-sufficiency in organ donation in India - A call to action
  September 11, 2014
  
• To be or not to be: An insight into the legality of organ trade in Iran
  October 23, 2014
  
• The declaration of Istanbul in the Philippines: success with foreigners but a continuing challenge for local transplant tourism
  February 20, 2013
  
• Preliminary Marked Increase in the National Organ Donation Rate in Israel Following Implementation of a New Organ Transplantation Law
  December 27, 2012
  

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The Council of Europe Convention Against Trafficking in Human Organs

• Organ Trafficking Convention Opened for Signature (DICG Newsletter Issue #1)
  05 May 2015
  
• Council of Europe publishes conclusions from organ trafficking conference
  05 May 2015
  
• New Treaty Aims to Curb Organ Trafficking
  26 October 2014
  
• Spain to host signing of Council of Europe Convention against Trafficking in Human Organs
  02 October 2014
  
• A Council of Europe Convention to combat trafficking in human organs
  10 July 2014
  
• A needed Convention against trafficking in human organs
  28 June 2014
  

Articles Related to Organ Trafficking

• Changing Patterns of Foreigner Transplants in Korea and Overseas Organ Transplants Among Koreans
• Opposition to irresponsible global kidney exchange
• Epistemic Communities, Human Rights, and the Global Diffusion of Legislation against the Organ Trade
• Preventing Trafficking in Organs for Transplantation: An Important Facet of the Fight Against Human Trafficking
• How to address organ trafficking – Point of View of the DICG
• Development of the National Living Donor Assistance Center: reducing financial disincentives to living organ donation
• AJT - Organ Transplantation for Nonresidents of the United States: A Policy for Transparency
• New paper highlights difficulties of measuring transplant tourism
• Police have arrested five people in Spain after a wealthy Lebanese man in need of a liver offered up to €40,000 ($55,000) to whoever was willing to undergo an illegal organ transplant
• Impact of legal measures prevent transplant tourism: the interrelated experience of The Philippines and Israel
• The high cost of organ transplant commercialism
• The Doha Donation Accord Aligned With the Declaration of Istanbul: Implementations to Develop Deceased Organ Donation and Combat Commercialism
• Organ donation and organ trafficking: from dangerous anarchy to problematic equilibrium
• Where There Is Smoke There Is Fire: The Iranian System of Paid Donation
• Personal Viewpoint - The Politics of Combating the Organ Trade: Lessons From the Israeli and Pakistani Experience
• New Foundation to support DOI
• Editorial - Global initiatives to tackle organ trafficking and transplant
• PLANNING THE NEXT 5 YEARS OF DOI
• Trafficking in human beings for the purpose of organ removal in the osce region: Analysis and findings
• Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism: The Role of Global Professional Ethical Standards-The 2008 Declaration of Istanbul
• COMUNICADO SOBRE EL TURISMO DE TRASPLANTE - Director General del Centro Nacional de Trasplantes
• Impact of legal measures prevent transplant tourism: the interrelated experience of The Philippines and Israel
• The battle for human organs: organ trafficking and transplant tourism in a global context
• AJT - OPTN/SRTR 2011 Annual Data Report - International Data
• Practical global outreach: translating UK clinical experience - P.N. HARDEN and A. KALACHYK
• Prioritizing registered donors in organ allocation: an ethical appraisal of the Israeli organ transplant law
• Gabriel Danovitch's testimony before the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations. Washington DC September 12 - 2012
• The experiences of commercial kidney donors: thematic synthesis of qualitative research
• Brain Death Determination in Israel: The First Two Years Experience Following Changes to the Brain Death Law—Opportunities and Challenges
• Transplant Tourism or International Transplant Medicine? A Case for Making the Distinction
• The Declaration of Istanbul—early impact and future potential
• How Deceased Donor Transplantation Is Impacting a Decline in Commercial Transplantation—the Tamil Nadu Experience
• Worldwide variability in deceased organ donation registries
• Current Status of Organ Transplantation in Japan
• The global role of kidney transplantation
• A criminological perspective: why prohibition of organ trade is not effective and how the declaration of istanbul can move forward.
• The Declaration of Istanbul Is Moving Forward by Combating Transplant Commercialism and Trafficking and by Promoting Organ Donation
• 2009 Global Data in Organ Donation and Transplantation: Activities, Laws, and Organization
• Global health regulations should distinguish between medical tourism and transplant tourism - Alireza Bagheri
• Spain-Ministry of Health-ONT - Good practice guidelines in the process of organ donation
• The Ethical Complexities of Online Organ Solicitation via Donor–Patient Websites: Avoiding the “Beauty Contest”
• ‘In India, there is no altruistic kidney giving’
• When the Law Meets Organ Transplantation: The Experience From the United Kingdom
• Organ trafficking increasing - The Korea Times National - Sept 16 - 2011
• Regulation of Organ Transplantation in China
• Ethical challenges in transplant practice in Latin America: the Aguascalientes Document
• Caution: deceased donor organ commercialism!
• April 30, 2011 - Stop organ trade or quit, Dr Rizvi tells government
• Transplantation tourism: high risk for the recipients
• Opportunities to deter transplant tourism exist before referral for transplantation and during the workup and management of transplant candidates
• Uncontrolled organ donation following prehospital cardiac arrest: a potential solution to the shortage of organ donors in the United Kingdom?
• Striving to achieve a national self-sufficiency
• The principles of gift law and the regulation of organ donation
• Global strategies to meet the organ need – the European experience
• The Sum of a Human’s Parts: Global Organ Trafficking in the Twenty-First Century
• Living Donor Kidney Donation in the United States: Quo Vadis?
• From Helsinki to Istanbul: What can the transplant community learn from experience in clinical research?
• Is altruistic-directed living unrelated organ donation a legal fiction?
• Who Cares? A Lesson from Pakistan on the Health of Living Donors
• The doctor–patient relationship in living donor kidney transplantation
• Kidney Vending: The “Trojan Horse” of Organ Transplantation
• Information about organ trafficking, transplant tourism and its consequences
• Protecting Donors and Safeguarding Altruism in the United States. The Living Donor Protection Act
• The key role of health professionals in preventing and combating transplant-related crimes
• Opposition to irresponsible global kidney exchange
• Providing coverage for the unique life‐long health care needs of living kidney donors within the framework of financial neutrality
• Financial Incentives for Living Kidney Donors: Are They Necessary?
• How to address organ trafficking – Point of View of the DICG
• New paper highlights difficulties of measuring transplant tourism